Lee Creek, Pungo River Fm. (Miocene to of the United States)

Where: Beaufort County, North Carolina (35.4° N, 76.8° W: paleocoordinates 35.6° N, 73.0° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

When: Pungo River Formation, Aquitanian to Aquitanian (23.0 - 13.8 Ma)

• Age after Ward 2008.

Environment/lithology: marine; carbonate

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: original phosphate

Collection methods: salvage, surface (float),

Primary reference: J. R. Boreske, L. Goldberg, and B. Cameron. 1972. A reworked cetacean with clam borings: Miocene of North Carolina. Journal of Paleontology 46(1):130-139 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 48887: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 03.04.2005

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
Foraminifera
 Globigerinoidea - Globigerinidae
"Globigerina woodi" = Globoturborotalita woodi7, Globigerina euapertura7, Globigerina cf. anguliofficinalis7, Cassigerinella chipolensis7
"Globigerina woodi" = Globoturborotalita woodi7 Jenkins 1960
subspecies woodi
Globigerina euapertura7 Jenkins 1960
 Globigerinoidea - Globigerinitidae
Globigerinita altiaperturus7, Globigerinita glutinata7
Globigerinita glutinata7 Egger 1893
subspecies ambitacrena
 Globigerinoidea - Globorotaliidae
"Globorotalia scitula" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) scitula7
"Globorotalia scitula" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) scitula7 Brady 1882
  - Spiroplectamminidae
Spiroplectammina mississippiensis7
unclassified
  -
Cosmodiscus elegans1, Thalassiothix longissima1, Albertella aberta10
Foraminifera
 Globigerinina - Hedbergellidae
"Turborotalia" birnageae7
 Lituolida - Lituolidae
Bolivinopsis fairhavenensis7
 Rotaliina - Bolivinidae
Bolivina calvertensis7, Bolivina pungoensis7
Bolivina pungoensis7 Gibson 1983
 Buliminacea - Siphogenerinoididae
Siphogenerina lamellata7, Siphogenerina sp.7
Siphogenerina sp.7 Schlumberger 1882
Chrysophyceae
 Phytomastigophora - Dictyochaceae
Dictyocha fibua1, Dictyocha rhombica1, Dictyocha "a"1, Dictyocha "b"1, Mesocena cf. elliptica1, Corbisema tracantha1, "Distephanus stauracanthus" = Stephanocha1, Distephanus crux1, Distephanus speculum1, Halicalyptra picassoi1, Cannopilus binoculus1, Cannopilus haeckelii1, Cannopilus hemisphaericus1, Cannopilus sphaericus1, Cannopilus triommata1, Cannopilus "a"1, Cannopilus "b"1
Dictyocha fibua1
sensu lato
Dictyocha rhombica1
sensu lato
Dictyocha "a"1 Ehrenberg 1837
Dictyocha "b"1 Ehrenberg 1837
"Distephanus stauracanthus" = Stephanocha1
Distephanus crux1 Ehrenberg 1840
Distephanus speculum1 Ehrenberg 1839
sensu lato
Cannopilus "a"1 Haeckel 1887
Cannopilus "b"1 Haeckel 1887
Bacillariophyceae
 Stictodiscales - Stictodiscaceae
Stictodiscus kittonianus1
  -
Trinacria excavata1
 Rhaphoneidales - Rhaphoneidaceae
Delphineis angustata1, Delphineis lineata1, Delphineis novaecaesaraea1, Delphineis ovata1, Delphineis penelliptica1, Sceptroneis grandis1, Rhaphoneis affinis1, Rhaphoneis biseriata1, Rhaphoneis elegans1, Rhaphoneis gemmifera1, Rhaphoneis paralis1, Rhaphoneis rhombica1
 Coscinodiscales - Heliopeltaceae
Actinoptychus marylandicus1, Actinoptychus senarius1, Actinoptychus virginicus1
Actinoptychus marylandicus1 Andrews 1976 diatom
Actinoptychus senarius1 Ehrenberg 1838 diatom
Actinoptychus virginicus1 Grunow 1883 diatom
 Coscinodiscales - Coscinodiscaceae
Coscinodiscus lewisianus1, Coscinodiscus monicae1, Coscinodiscus nitidus1, Coscinodiscus nodulifer1, Coscinodiscus oculus1, Coscinodiscus plicatus1, Coscinodiscus praeyabei1, Coscinodiscus stellaris1, Coscinodiscus marginatus1, Coscinodiscus perforatus1, Coscinodiscus gigas1, Coscinodiscus curvatulus1, Coscinodiscus vetustissimus1, Coscinodiscus asteromphalus1, Coscinodiscus apiculatus1, Coscinodiscus rothii1, Craspedodiscus coscinodiscus1
Coscinodiscus oculus1 diatom
-iridis
Coscinodiscus marginatus1 Ehrenberg 1839 diatom
Coscinodiscus perforatus1 Ehrenberg 1844 diatom
Coscinodiscus gigas1 Ehrenberg 1839 diatom
var. diorama
Coscinodiscus curvatulus1 Grunow 1878 diatom
Coscinodiscus vetustissimus1 Pantocsek 1886 diatom
Coscinodiscus asteromphalus1 Ehrenberg 1839 diatom
Coscinodiscus apiculatus1 Ehrenberg 1844 diatom
Coscinodiscus rothii1 Ehrenberg 1854 diatom
Craspedodiscus coscinodiscus1 Ehrenberg 1845 diatom
  -
Annellus californicus1
 Rhizosoleniales - Pyxillaceae
Pyxilla johnsoniana1
 Rhizosoleniales - Rhizosoleniaceae
Rhizosolenia bergonii1, Rhizosolenia miocenica1
  -
Rouxia californica1, Rouxia diploneides1, Rouxia naviculoides1, Rouxia yabei1, Pseudodimerogramma eliptica1
Rouxia yabei1 diatom
 Anaulales - Anaulaceae
Anaulus mediterraneus1
Anaulus mediterraneus1 diatom
var. intermedia
  -
Dicladia pylea1, Pseudopyxilla americana1
Pseudopyxilla americana1 Ehrenberg 1843 diatom
 Naviculales - Naviculaceae
Navicula directa1, Navicula hennedyii1, Navicula pennata1
Navicula pennata1 Schmidt 1876 diatom
 Naviculales - Diploneidaceae
Diploneis crabro1, Raphidodiscus marylandica1
Diploneis crabro1 Ehrenberg 1844 diatom
 Fragilariales - Fragilariaceae
Synedra jouseana1
 Asterolamprales - Asterolampraceae
Asteromphalus robustus1
 Melosirales - Melosiraceae
Melosira westii1, "Paralia complexa" = Melosira complexa1
Melosira westii1 Smith 1856 diatom
"Paralia complexa" = Melosira complexa1 Lohman 1948 diatom
 Melosirales - Stephanopyxidaceae
Stephanopyxis grunowii1, Stephanopyxis lineata1, Stephanopyxis corona1, Stephanopyxis turris1
Stephanopyxis lineata1 Ehrenberg 1854 diatom
Stephanopyxis corona1 Ehrenberg 1845 diatom
Stephanopyxis turris1 Greville and Arnot 1857 diatom
 Melosirales - Hyalodiscaceae
Hyalodiscus laevis1
Hyalodiscus laevis1 Ehrenberg 1845 diatom
 Melosirales - Endictyaceae
Endictya robusta1
 Melosirales - Trochosiraceae
Trochosira concava1
  - Hemidiscaceae
Actinocyclus elipticus1, Actinocyclus tenellus1, Actinocyclus ingens1, Actinocyclus octonarius1
Actinocyclus tenellus1 Brébisson 1854 diatom
Actinocyclus ingens1 Rattray 1890 diatom
Actinocyclus octonarius1 Ehrenberg 1838 diatom
 Centrales -
Cladogramma dubium1
 Centrales - Eupodiscaceae
Triceratium subrotundatum1, Triceratium tessellatum1, Triceratium condecorum1
Triceratium condecorum1 Ehrenberg 1845 diatom
  -
Cussia paleacea1, Cussia praepaleacea1
 Thalassionematales - Thalassionemataceae
Thalassionema nitzschiodes1
 Lithodesmiales - Lithodesmiaceae
Lithodesmium minisculum1
 Cymatosirales - Cymatosiraceae
Cymatosira andersoni1, Cymatosira immunis1, Cymatosira "a"1
Cymatosira "a"1 Grunow 1862 diatom
 Bacillariales - Bacillariaceae
Denticula hustedtii1, Denticula lauta1, Denticula nicobarica1, Denticula norwegica1, Denticula punctata1, Nitzschia "b"1
Nitzschia "b"1 Hassall 1845 diatom
  -
Xanthiopyxis sp.1
Xanthiopyxis sp.1 Ehrenberg 1845 diatom
 Paraliales - Paraliaceae
Paralia sulcata1
Paralia sulcata1 Ehrenberg 1838 diatom
 Thalassiosirales - Thalassiosiraceae
Thalassiosira "a"1, Thalassiosira "b"1
Thalassiosira "a"1 Cleve 1873 diatom
Thalassiosira "b"1 Cleve 1873 diatom
  -
Liradiscus bipolaris1, Liradiscus asperulus1, Liradiscus ovalis1, Goniothecium rogersii1
Liradiscus asperulus1 Andrews 1976 diatom
Liradiscus ovalis1 Greville 1865 diatom
Goniothecium rogersii1 Ehrenberg 1843 diatom
Mediaria
  -
Mediaria splendida1
Pleurosigma
  -
Pleurosigma affine1
Pleurosigma affine1 Grunow 1880
var. marylandica
Cymatogonia
  -
Cymatogonia amblyoceros1
Stephanogonia actinoptychus
  -
Stephanogonia actinoptychus1
Macrora
  -
Macrora stella1
Hemiaulus
  - Biddulphiaceae
Hemiaulus cf. polymorphus1
Biddulphia
  - Biddulphiaceae
Biddulphia tuomeyii1, Biddulphia aurita1
Biddulphia aurita1 Kützing 1930
Mediophyceae
 Stephanodiscales - Thalassiosirophycidae
Cyclotella kelloggi1
Dossetia
  -
Dossetia hyalina1
Dossetia hyalina1 Andrews 1976
Periptera tetracladia
  -
Periptera tetracladia1
Periptera tetracladia1 Ehrenberg 1845
Clavicula
  -
Clavicula polymorpha1
Clavicula polymorpha1
var. aspicephala
Mammalia
 Sirenia - Dugongidae
? Nanosiren sp.5
? Nanosiren sp.5 Domning and Aguilera 2008 dugong
 Cetacea -
Odontoceti indet.9
Odontoceti indet.9 Flower 1867 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Physeteridae
Physeteridae indet.13, cf. Physeteridae indet.9
Physeteridae indet.13 Gray 1821 sperm whale
several hundred sperm whale teeth
cf. Physeteridae indet.9 Gray 1821 sperm whale
 Cetacea -
"aff. Lophocetus pappus" = Liolithax pappus13, aff. Atocetus sp.13, "Delphinodon dividum" = Brevirostrodelphis dividum13
"aff. Lophocetus pappus" = Liolithax pappus13 Kellogg 1955 toothed whale
aff. Atocetus sp.13 Muizon 1988 toothed whale
"Delphinodon dividum" = Brevirostrodelphis dividum13 True 1912 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Kentriodontidae
Kentriodontidae indet.9, Kentriodon sp.13, Kentriodon schneideri n. sp.13
Kentriodontidae indet.9 Slijper 1936 toothed whale
Kentriodon sp.13 Kellogg 1927 toothed whale
Kentriodon schneideri n. sp.13 Whitmore and Kaltenbach 2008 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Pontoporiidae
Pontoporiidae indet.9
Pontoporiidae indet.9 Gray 1870 toothed whale
 Cetacea -
Nannolithax sp.13
Nannolithax sp.13 Kellogg 1931 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Squalodelphinidae
Squalodelphinidae indet.2
Squalodelphinidae indet.2 Dal Piaz 1917 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Eurhinodelphinidae
Eurhinodelphinidae indet.9, Xiphiacetus sp.13
Eurhinodelphinidae indet.9 Abel 1901 toothed whale
Xiphiacetus sp.13 Lambert 2005 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Squalodontidae
Squalodontidae indet.13, Squalodon sp.13, Squalodon calvertensis13
Squalodontidae indet.13 Brandt 1873 toothed whale
Squalodon sp.13 Grateloup 1840 toothed whale
Squalodon calvertensis13 Kellogg 1923 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Platanistidae
Araeodelphis cf. natator13
Araeodelphis cf. natator13 Kellogg 1957 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Ziphiidae
Ziphiidae indet.9, Anoplonassa sp.13, aff. Ninoziphius platyrostris9
Ziphiidae indet.9 Gray 1850 beaked whale
Anoplonassa sp.13 Cope 1869 beaked whale
aff. Ninoziphius platyrostris9 Muizon 1983 beaked whale
 Cetacea - Agorophiidae
cf. Ankylorhiza sp.4, "Squalodon tiedemani" = Ankylorhiza tiedemani
cf. Ankylorhiza sp.4 Boessenecker et al. 2020 toothed whale
"Squalodon tiedemani" = Ankylorhiza tiedemani Allen 1887 toothed whale
found in the Yorktown Formation, but thought to be reworked from the Pungo River
 Cetacea -
Tretosphys gabbii13, Delphinodon cf. mento13, cf. Champsodelphis sp.13, cf. Phococetus sp.3
Tretosphys gabbii13 Cope 1868 toothed whale
Delphinodon cf. mento13 Cope 1867 toothed whale
cf. Champsodelphis sp.13 Gervais 1852 toothed whale
cf. Phococetus sp.3 Gervais 1876 toothed whale
USHM 51878, CCNHM 1836
Aves
 Charadriiformes - Alcoidae
Miocepphus "undescribedspecies"11, Miocepphus mcclungi11
Miocepphus mcclungi11 Wetmore 1940 auk
 Charadriiformes - Laridae
Larus sp.11
Larus sp.11 Linnaeus 1758 gull
 Procellariiformes - Procellariidae
Puffinus sp.11, "Puffinus aff. gravis" = Ardenna gravis11
Puffinus sp.11 Brisson 1760 shearwater
"Puffinus aff. gravis" = Ardenna gravis11 O'Reilly 1818 great shearwater
possibly from Yorktown Fm.
 Suliformes - Sulidae
"Morus loxostylus" = Moris loxostyla11, Morus atlanticus11
"Morus loxostylus" = Moris loxostyla11 Cope 1870 gannet
Morus atlanticus11 Shufeldt 1915 gannet
 Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae
Ciconiidae indet.11, Ciconia "speciesone"11
Ciconiidae indet.11 Sundevall 1836 stork
possibly from Yorktown Fm.
Ciconia "speciesone"11 Brisson 1760 stork
 Gaviiformes - Gaviidae
? Colymboides sp.11, Gavia egeriana11
? Colymboides sp.11 Milne-Edwards 1867 loon
Gavia egeriana11 Svec 1982 loon
 Anseriformes - Anatidae
Anatidae indet.11
Anatidae indet.11 Vigors 1825 waterfowl
 Gruiformes - Gruidae
? Balearica sp.11
? Balearica sp.11 Brisson crowned cranes
possibly from Yorktown Fm.
 Gruiformes - Rallidae
Rallidae indet.11
Rallidae indet.11 Vigors 1825 rail
possibly from Yorktown Fm.
 Carinatae -
Galliformes indet.11
 Galliformes - Phasianidae
Phasianidae indet.11
Phasianidae indet.11 Horsfield 1821 pheasant
possibly from Yorktown Fm.
 Galliformes - Cracidae
? Ortalis sp.11
? Ortalis sp.11 Merrem 1786 chachalaca
possibly from Yorktown Fm.
Actinopteri
 Scombriformes - Scombridae
Sarda aff. sarda12, Thunnus sp.12
Sarda aff. sarda12 Bloch 1791
Thunnus sp.12 South 1845
 Istiophoriformes - Istiophoridae
Hemirhabdorhynchus sp.12
Hemirhabdorhynchus sp.12 Casier 1946
 Tetraodontiformes - Monacanthidae
Aluterus sp.12
Aluterus sp.12 Cloquet 1816 Leatherjacket
 Tetraodontiformes - Diodontidae
Chilomycterus schoepfii12
 Acanthuriformes - Sciaenidae
Pogonias cf. cromis12
Pogonias cf. cromis12 Cope 1869 black drum
 Perciformes - Sparidae
Lagodon cf. rhomboides12
Lagodon cf. rhomboides12 Linnaeus 1766 perch-like fish
 Siluriformes - Ariidae
Bagre sp.12
Bagre sp.12 Mitchill 1815 Ariid catfish
 Acanthopteri - Sphyraenidae
Sphyraena cf. barracuda12
Sphyraena cf. barracuda12 Edwards 1771 barracuda
 Elopiformes - Megalopidae
Megalops cf. atlanticus12
Megalops cf. atlanticus12 Valenciennes 1847
Chondrichthyes
 Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Negaprion brevirostris12, Carcharhinus perezi12, Carcharhinus leucas12, Carcharhinus brachyurus12, Carcharhinus plumbeus12, Carcharhinus falciformis12, Triaenodon obesus12, ? Rhizoprionodon sp.12
Negaprion brevirostris12 Poey 1868 lemon shark
Carcharhinus perezi12 Poey 1876 requiem shark
Carcharhinus leucas12 Valenciennes 1839 requiem shark
Carcharhinus brachyurus12 Gunther 1870 requiem shark
Carcharhinus plumbeus12 Nardo 1827 requiem shark
Carcharhinus falciformis12 Bibron 1841 requiem shark
Triaenodon obesus12 Ruppell 1835 requiem shark
? Rhizoprionodon sp.12 Whitley 1929 sharpnose shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae
"Galeocerdo contortus" = Physogaleus contortus12, Galeocerdo sp.12
"Galeocerdo contortus" = Physogaleus contortus12 Gibbes 1847 ground shark
Galeocerdo sp.12 Müller and Henle 1837 tiger shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Hemigaleidae
"Galeorhinus cf. affinis" = Chaenogaleus affinis12, Hemipristis serra12, Paragaleus sp.12
"Galeorhinus cf. affinis" = Chaenogaleus affinis12 Probst 1878 ground shark
Hemipristis serra12 Agassiz 1835 ground shark
Paragaleus sp.12 Budker 1935 ground shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Triakidae
Mustelus sp.12, Hypogaleus sp.12
Mustelus sp.12 hound shark
Hypogaleus sp.12 Smith 1957 hound shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Sphyrnidae
Sphyrna zygaena12, Sphyrna cf. media12
Sphyrna zygaena12 Linnaeus 1758 hammerhead shark
Sphyrna cf. media12 Springer 1940 hammerhead shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Scyliorhinidae
Megascyliorhinus miocaenicus12, Scyliorhinus sp.12
Megascyliorhinus miocaenicus12 Antunes and Jonet 1969 cat shark
Scyliorhinus sp.12 Blainville 1816 cat shark
 Orectolobiformes - Ginglymostomatidae
Ginglymostoma sp.12
Ginglymostoma sp.12 Müller and Henle 1838 nurse shark
 Orectolobiformes - Rhincodontidae
Rhincodon sp.12
Rhincodon sp.12 Smith 1829 whale shark
 Lamniformes - Otodontidae
"Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon12
"Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon12 Agassiz 1835 megalodon
units 4-6, upper part of the Pungo River Fm. Also studied in Pimiento and Balk
 Lamniformes - Odontaspididae
Odontaspis ferox12, "Carcharias cuspidata" = Araloselachus cuspidatus12
Odontaspis ferox12 Risso 1826 sand tiger shark
"Carcharias cuspidata" = Araloselachus cuspidatus12 Agassiz 1843 sand tiger shark
 Lamniformes - Carchariidae
Carcharias sp.12, "Odontaspis cf. acutissima" = Carcharias acutissimus12
Carcharias sp.12 Rafinesque 1810 sand shark
"Odontaspis cf. acutissima" = Carcharias acutissimus12 Agassiz 1843 sand shark
 Lamniformes - Megachasmidae
Megachasma sp.12
Megachasma sp.12 Taylor et al. 1983 mackerel shark
 Lamniformes - Lamnidae
Carcharodon subauriculatus12, "Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis12, Isurus oxyrinchus12
Carcharodon subauriculatus12 Agassiz 1839 white shark
units 4-5, lower and middle part of the Pungo River Fm.
"Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis12 Agassiz 1838 white shark
Isurus oxyrinchus12 Rafinesque 1810 mackerel shark
 Lamniformes - Cetorhinidae
Cetorhinus sp.12
Cetorhinus sp.12 de Blainville 1816 basking shark
 Lamniformes - Alopiidae
Alopias cf. superciliosus12, Alopias cf. vulpinus12
Alopias cf. superciliosus12 Lowe 1840 thresher shark
Alopias cf. vulpinus12 Bonnaterre 1788 thresher shark
 Squatiniformes - Squatinidae
Squatina sp.12
Squatina sp.12 Dumeril 1806 angel shark
 Echinorhiniformes - Echinorhinidae
Echinorhinus cf. blakei12
Echinorhinus cf. blakei12 Agassiz 1856 shark
 Rajiformes - Rhinobatidae
Rhinobatos sp.12
Rhinobatos sp.12 Link 1790 guitarfish
 Pristiophoriformes - Pristiophoridae
Pristiophorus sp.12
Pristiophorus sp.12 Bleeker 1859 saw shark
 Hexanchiformes - Hexanchidae
Notorynchus cepidanus12
 Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae
Pteromylaeus sp.12, Plinthicus stenodon12, Mobula sp.12, Aetobatus sp.12
Pteromylaeus sp.12 Garman 1913 bull ray
Plinthicus stenodon12 Cope 1869 eagle ray
Mobula sp.12 Rafinesque 1810 devil ray
Aetobatus sp.12 Blainville 1816 eagle ray
 Myliobatiformes - Rhinopteridae
Rhinoptera sp.12
Rhinoptera sp.12 Cuvier 1829 cownose ray
 Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae
Dasyatis cf. americana12, Dasyatis say12
Dasyatis cf. americana12 Hildebrand and Schroeder 1928 whiptail stingray
Dasyatis say12 Lesueur 1817 whiptail stingray
Bivalvia
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
Chesapecten coccymelus8, Pecten humphreysii8, Pecten mclellani n. sp.8, Amusium sp.8
Chesapecten coccymelus8 Dall 1898 scallop
Pecten humphreysii8 Conrad 1842 scallop
subspecies humphreysii
Pecten mclellani n. sp.8 Gibson 1987 scallop
Amusium sp.8 Röding 1798 scallop
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
Pycnodonte (Gigantostrea) leeana14
Gastropoda
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Ecphora (Ecphora) pamlico15, Ecphora (Stenomphalus) aurora15
Ecphora (Ecphora) pamlico15 Wilson 1987 murex snail
Ecphora (Stenomphalus) aurora15 Wilson 1987 murex snail
Cephalopoda
 Nautilida - Aturiidae
Aturia sp.6
Aturia sp.6 Bronn 1838 nautiloid
1Abbott and Ernissee 1983; 2Boersma et al. 2017; 3Boessenecker 2018; 4Boessenecker et al. 2020; 5Domning and Aguilera 2008; 6Furnish and Glenister 1987; 7Gibson 1983; 8Gibson 1987; 9Kazár and Bohaska 2008; 10Kier 1983; 11Olson and Rasmussen 2001; 12Purdy et al. 2001; 13Whitmore and Kaltenbach 2008; 14Wilson 1987; 15Wilson 1987